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Yearly Archives: 2024
Season’s Greetings
The Thoughts from the Criminology Team would like to wish all our readers and writers happy holidays. We’d also like to extend our thanks to everyone for your contributions, without you there would not be a blog and they are very much appreciated.
Wherever you are in the world and whether or not you celebrate Christmas, we extend our good wishes to you and wish you and yours a peaceful end to 2024. We’ll be back in 2025 with lots more criminological content, until then stay safe and well.
Will Santa Visit?
For me Christmas always acts as a stark reminder of inequity, both past and present. I tend to remember television and music, stories of inequity between the haves and the have nots at Christmas time being told by the privileged few. Such as the Muppets Christmas Carol’s (1992) depiction of Tiny Tim, as being poor and disabled but ever so grateful for what he had. Quite recently I was doing some food shopping when I heard the Band Aid (1984) song, Do they know it’s Christmas playing on the tannoy. Despite the criticism relating to white privileged saviorism apparently still this song is popular enough to have a revival in 2024.
Christmas things cost money. So the differences between Christmas experiences of the haves and the have nots are drastic. Whilst many children are very aware that it is Christmas they might also be very aware of the financial constraints that their parents and/or guardians may be in. On the flip side there are other children who will have presents galore and are able to enjoy the festivities that Christmas bring.
This is also a time where goods are advertised and sold that are not needed and not recommended by healthcare professionals. Such as the sale of children’s toys that are dangerous for young children. For example, I was considering purchasing Water Beads as a fun crafting gift option for some children this year, until I was made aware that a children’s hospital and local playgroup are warning parents of the dangers of these as if swallowed can drastically expand in the body which could cause serious health complications.
It seems that social media also adds to the idea that parents and/or guardians should be providing more to enhance the Christmas experience. With posts about creating North Pole breakfasts, Christmas Eve boxes, matching Christmas family Christmas pajamas and expensive Santa visits. All of which come at a financial cost.

As well as this some toys that seem to be trending this year might be seen to misappropriate working class culture. For example, if your parents can afford to take you to Selfridges you can get a ‘fish and chip’ experience when buying Jelly Cat soft toys in the forms of items traditionally purchased from a fish and chip shop (see image above). This experience plus a bundle of these fish chips and peas soft toys cost £130 according to the Jelly Cat website. The profits gained for the Jelly Cat owners are currently being quoted in the news as being £58 million. Whilst at the same time some customers of these real life fish and shops will find it difficult to afford to buy a bag of chips. And some real life fish and chip businesses seem to be at risk of closure, in part due to high cost of living climate which impacts on cost of produce and bills.
Given the above issues it is not surprising that some children are worried that Santa won’t visit them this year.
What makes a good or bad society?: VII
As part of preparing for University, new students were encouraged to engage in a number of different activities. For CRI1009 Imagining Crime, students were invited to contribute a blog on the above topic. These blog entries mark the first piece of degree level writing that students engaged with as they started reading for their BA (Hons) Criminology. With the students’ agreement these thought provoking blogs have been brought together in a series which we will release over the next few weeks.
What are some requirements to a good society? A good society makes us, as a community, feel secure. This is so incredibly important in making a society be considered good as it lowers the rates of criminality, thus improving the appearance of the area and reassurance of being a safe place. This will lead to a better world, given that it will promote positive behaviour, similar to the idea of positive reinforcement, if people were to act accordingly, they would be rewarded with a positive environment. Another requirement is the higher employment rates, the more success will be found within a society. Meaning, there will be less cases of homelessness, and considerably more wealth compared to if there were lower employment rates within a place. Higher employment rates also link into my next point of a fair education. A fair education is arguably one of the most important requirements of a good society, as it firstly links into high employment rates, if someone were to be in a position of having a better education, their IQ is likely to be higher which in most chances will lead to a very succeeding job. A fair education is very important as it allows everyone involved a fair chance and involves no bias, if this were the case it would lead to a bad society as the community are not promoting wealth for everyone involved, only for those they favour. Another requirement that makes up a good society is human rights. Similar to a fair education, human rights provide a chance for people and includes no favouritism. Human rights provide freedom which impact factors such as food and healthcare. These thrive to better societies given that people are not held back and can be free to do however they please in positive and safe ways. A final requirement I would suggest that makes a good society are basic human needs. It is crucial that humans are provided with our biological needs such as water, food, housing/shelter etc. This is due to the fact that we simply cannot live without it.
However, I do believe that we live in a bad society, for many reasons, including the reasons previously mentioned. To begin, there has been a lack of safety net from the police to the public, which leads to repeated cases of rape, police brutality etc. While it can be argued the police are trying to keep the public safe, they are simply causing more harm than good, and considering the police are meant to be role models to the public, the public have increased the rate of criminality with riots and protests against the police, not making our society a safe place. Our society has become let down in regard to basic human needs, although employments rates are high at 74.8% for those ages 16-64, in 2019 the homelessness statistic in the UK is significantly high at 219,000. Meaning the need for food, shelter and water has become at a higher demand.
It has been very clear in recent years that we do not live in a good society, due to the reasons of security within the police, employment rates, a fair education, human rights and basic human needs, all of which could easily make up a good society if it were taken seriously by the appropriate people.
What makes a good or bad society?: VI
As part of preparing for University, new students were encouraged to engage in a number of different activities. For CRI1009 Imagining Crime, students were invited to contribute a blog on the above topic. These blog entries mark the first piece of degree level writing that students engaged with as they started reading for their BA (Hons) Criminology. With the students’ agreement these thought provoking blogs have been brought together in a series which we will release over the next few weeks.
I believe that the society we live in is good but has areas that need to be improved. One of the requirements that I think will make a good society is sympathy. I believe that if more people show sympathy towards the homeless, then it can help lower the homeless population and, therefore, lower the percentage of unemployment. This can also reduce the strain on charities, which in turn allows them to focus more help on the people who really need it.
Another requirement to make a good society is self-control. If the population practices self-control, then our society will start to have fewer incidents involving alcohol, such as drink driving and fewer aggressive assaults. One of the other outcomes of practising self-control is a decrease in the volume of visits to the NHS. This can be anything from A&E visits after a night out to health visits due to obesity, this decrease could majorly help the NHS and allow them to give more appointments to people with life-threatening conditions.
Another requirement to help make a good society is more successful and higher rehabilitation rates. If we as a society start to give more support to the members that have wronged then they will have a higher chance of being reformed, which will allow us to live in a society with a lower crime rate, therefore, giving us the opportunity to feel safer in our lives.
One of the other areas of our society that needs improvement is education. If the level of education and extra educational support is improved in areas of higher deprivation then it will help young people to move away from crime and bad role models, they may be able to get higher paying jobs, which will allow them to take care of their families and improve the areas that they have come from. This can give them security in their lives, which again will help them to turn away from criminal acts. If the extra educational support is increased then the young people who need extra support can improve on their studies and gain more confidence in themselves, which will help them to gain better grades.
Another requirement of a good society is lower unemployment levels. If we start to improve support for the unemployed, such as classes to help them improve on existing skills and to learn new skills. This can start to lower the unemployment rates and relieve some of the pressure on the government and the county and district councils.
One of the other areas that we could improve in our society to make it better is extra curricular activities for young people to get involved with. If there are more weekend and after school activities and workshops for our younger people to get involved with then it can help to stop them committing crimes. These activities can also help them to learn new skills to take forward in their lives, it can also help those who maybe aren’t as academic as others.
Corruption: A Very Noble Pastime

Only a couple of months ago there was a furore about the current prime minister Sir Keir Starmer receiving gifts from Lord Alli. He wasn’t the only one to benefit but it rather tainted the Labour Party’s victory in the election and made a mockery of promises to clean up politics. Let’s not get too hung up about political parties though, there is plenty of previous evidence of other parties dabbling in, let’s call them, immoral practices that benefit the individual.
I shouldn’t have been surprised then to hear about some research carried out by Tortoise that suggested a quarter of the members of the House of Lords do two thirds of the work in the upper chamber. They found that approximately 210 members of a total of 830 are actively involved in the business of the upper chamber and the rest well, your guess is as good as mine. So what you might ask, we have some rather lazy nobles, but they don’t get paid unless they turn up. Well true, but then if you read some other research, it becomes apparent that there are vast sums of money being paid for doing nothing. Turning up is one thing, working is quite something else.
‘Over the course of the last parliament, £400,000 has been paid to 15 peers who have claimed attendance for at least 80 per cent of days in at least one month without any discernible activity in that time. Some have made repeated claims of this kind over the parliament’ (Tortoise, 2024).
Up till now I’ve always had a begrudging respect for the upper chamber, particularly when they have knocked back poor, ill thought out or inappropriate legislation conjured up by the government. That’s not to say I haven’t questioned the manner in which the chamber is constituted but I have felt a sense of relief when government have had a hard task railroading through some of their legislation. But it doesn’t seem to matter which chamber it is in parliament, there are a significant number of individuals in both houses whose actions can only be described as corrupt. From the expenses scandal in 2009 to the latest failures to declare interests, it becomes clear that corruption is endemic.
It seems to me during an era of cuts in public services, the withholding of funds to the most vulnerable designed to help them keep warm, and job losses in sectors where past and present policies make organisations unsustainable, the disregard for proper financial management and constraint in government is immoral. I will leave the debate about whether we should have governance in its current format to others who probably know better than I do but there is clearly a need to abolish the policies and processes that allow for what can only be described as a corrupt noble gravy train.
The Nolan Principles setting out the standards that those involved in public life should adhere to are still in existence and expected to be complied with and yet I fail to see how so many members of our great institutions have even come close to adherence. In case you are unsure what those principles are, I have listed them below and I will leave you to judge whether the nobility stand up to scrutiny.
- Selflessness
- Integrity
- Objectivity
- Accountability
- Openness
- Honesty
- Leadership
References
BBC (2019) MPs’ expenses: The Legacy of a Scandal [online] Available at https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-48187096 Accessed: 22/11/2024.
BBC (2024) Keir Starmer received more clothes worth £16,000 [online] Available at https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cdd4z9vzdnno Accessed: 22/11/2024.
Information Commissioner’s Office (ND) MP’s expenses scandal [online] Available at https://ico.org.uk/for-the-public/ico-40/mp-expenses-scandal/ Accessed: 22/11/2024
Tortoise (2024a) Lording it: some peers claim £400,000 for little discernible work, [online] available at https://www.tortoisemedia.com/2024/11/20/lording-it-some-peers-claim-400000-for-little-discernible-work/, Accessed: 22/11/2024
Tortoise (2024b) The Lords’ work: Tortoise’s Peer Review [online] available at https://www.tortoisemedia.com/2024/11/20/the-lords-work-tortoises-peer-review/, Accessed: 22/11/2024.
UK Parliament (ND) Standards, [online] available at https://www.parliament.uk/about/mps-and-lords/members/standards/, Accessed: 22/11/2024.
What makes a good or bad society?: V
As part of preparing for University, new students were encouraged to engage in a number of different activities. For CRI1009 Imagining Crime, students were invited to contribute a blog on the above topic. These blog entries mark the first piece of degree level writing that students engaged with as they started reading for their BA (Hons) Criminology. With the students’ agreement these thought provoking blogs have been brought together in a series which we will release over the next few weeks.
Our society is created up by a system that fails it from the beginning it is supposed to make our society better, but in fact creates conflict and frustration and this would be the justice system. The justice system is put in place to allow people to live in a world that has rules and control to create this good society, however, is overwhelmed by the amount of crime.
A good society in my eyes would be one where people took accountability for their wrong doings, because as humans its unrealistic to ask there to be no mistakes we all are living life for the first time and therefor are bound to get things wrong, but being able to take accountability for our actions would be the first step to being able to have a good society. I don’t think it’s possible to ever have no crime or this pitch perfect world, but I believe that there’s things that can be put into place to make society better.
In my eyes change requires there to be understanding and accountability, we as people find it very easy to judge and come to assumptions instead of taking time to understand the issues at hand, and if we would just take a step back and try and see the bigger picture we may be able to come to a mutual ground of seeing why issues occur instead of simply judging. Helping us to understanding why things happen and reduce the resent that occurs is certain situations.
For a society to flourish and grow it needs to be nurtured in the right way this would include, having a fair justice system, things put into place to help guide those who have lost their way a bit and to provide a constant support system. I strongly think a society depends on the nurture around it and that widely impact the impact those are going to have on others.
An ideal good society would involve everyone coming together to support one and another being each other’s community instead of creating big segregations between races and cultures if we as human could learn to live and work together as one, we would solve a lot of issues across the world. War would not exist as our system would result in aiding everyone.
I still believe a good society needs a hierarchy system in terms of rules in place to ensure everyone’s safe as without a foundation of what’s right and wrong it allows people to think they can do as they please. Rules help put into perspective what’s not allowed as a collective thing that are unacceptable by knowledge and provide a punishment to fall upon if those rules are broken.
Overall, a good society needs to be built up of basic foundations of nature, understanding and accountability in my opinion to reduce the conflict that occurs in some cases. A good society needs to be open minded.
A review of In-Extremis: The Life of War Correspondent Marie Colvin
Recently, I picked up a book on the biography of Marie Colvin, a war correspondent who was assassinated in Syria, 2012. Usually, I refrain from reading biographies, as I consider many to be superficial accounts of people’s experiences that are typically removed from wider social issues serving no purpose besides enabling what Zizek would call a fetishist disavowal. It is the biographies of sports players and singers, found on the top shelves of Waterstones and Asda that spring to mind. In-Extremis, however, was different. I consider this book to be a very poignant and captivating biography of war correspondent Marie Colvin, authored by fellow journalist Lindsey Hilsum. The book narrates Marie’s life before her assassination. Her early years, career ventures, intimate relationships, friendships, and relationships with drugs and alcohol were all discussed. So too were the accounts of Marie’s fearless reporting from some of the world’s most dangerous conflict zones, including Sri-Lanka, Iraq, Lebanon, and Syria. Hilsum wrote on the events both before Marie’s exhilarating career and during the peak of her war correspondence to illustrate the complexities in her life. This reflected on Marie’s insatiability of desire to tell the truth and capture the voices of those who are absent from the ‘script’. So too, reporting on the emotions behind war and conflict in addition to the consistent acts of personal sacrifice made in the name of Justice for the disenfranchised and the voiceless.
Across the first few chapters, Hilsum wrote on the personal life of Marie- particularly her traits of bravery, resilience, persistence, and an undying quest for the truth. Hilsum further delved into the complexities of Marie’s personality and life philosophies. A regular smoker, drinker and partygoer with a captivating personality that drew people in were core to who Marie was according to Hilsum. However, the psychological toils of war reporting became clear, particularly as later in the book, the effects of Marie’s PTSD and trauma began to present itself, particularly after Marie lost eyesight in her left eye after being shot in Sri-Lanka. The eye-patch worn by Marie to me symbolised the way she carried the burdens of her profession and personal vulnerabilities, particularly between maintaining her family life and navigating her occupational hazards.
In writing this biography, Hilsum not only mapped the life of one genuinely awesome and inspiring woman, but also highlighted the importance of reporting and capturing the voices of the casualties of war. Much of her work, I felt resonated with my own. As an academic researcher, it is my job to research on real-life issues and to seek the truth. I resonated with Marie’s quest for the truth and strongly aligned myself to her principles on capturing the lived experiences of those impacted by war, conflict, and social justice issues. These people, I consider are more qualified to discuss these issues than those of us who sit in the ivory towers of institutions (me included!).
Moreover, I considered how I can be more like Marie and how I can embed her philosophies more so into my own research… whether that’s through researching with communities on the cost-of-living crisis or disseminating my research to students, fellow academics, policymakers, and practitioners. I feel inspired and moving forward, I seek to embody the life and spirit of Marie and thousands of other journalists and academics who work tirelessly to research on and understand the truth to bring forward the narratives of those who are left behind and discarded by society in its mainstream.
What makes a good or bad society?: IV
As part of preparing for University, new students were encouraged to engage in a number of different activities. For CRI1009 Imagining Crime, students were invited to contribute a blog on the above topic. These blog entries mark the first piece of degree level writing that students engaged with as they started reading for their BA (Hons) Criminology. With the students’ agreement these thought provoking blogs have been brought together in a series which we will release over the next few weeks.
A good society can be defined as one with social cohesion with a safe, secure environment and a bad society as one lacking these qualities, when using this definition, we can look at if society is good or bad.
In the media there has been an increase in crimes reported, including individuals being caught and charged for their actions, which would have previously escaped the public eye. With an increase in media use from youths, it puts them at a risk to exploitation due to their vulnerability as young people. Social influencers have been able to exploit their own children through sexualising their actions to attract paedophiles and earn profit from these views. In this situation, parents fail to protect their children from the harmful environment the media can attract. Thus, social media is growing in its dangerous nature making it unsafe.
There has been an increase in violence in all aspects of society, such as shootings and wars. America holds the highest rate of school shootings and has failed to make schools a safe place for children. America suffers from violence due to the legalisation of guns which can be seen with many attempted assassinations of presidents, some of which have been successful. The latest attempt being Donald Trump in 2024, which shows how America has failed to provide people with security no matter their status in society.
Even outside of America there has been a failure to make society safe as seen in East Europe. The Russo Ukrainian war gained attention in 2022 over Russia’s failure to capture Ukraine. This caused anxiety as other countries could not fight due to being part of NATO, instead they provided aid for Ukraine. Despite this the war has continued, making Ukraine unsafe to live in, forcing many to immigrate. The Israel-Hamas war started in 2023 and as a result of this war, businesses who supported Israel were boycotted, which demonstrates the interests between businesses and the public not aligning, resulting in protests over powerful figures’ failure to speak up against the violence, thus there is a lack of social solidarity.
Human rights are not consistent within the world. This can be seen in Islamic countries making homosexuality forbidden, whereas in the West homosexuality can be acted upon in public without punishment. With women’s rights there has been recent debates about abortion and its legalisation within America. 17 states have banned abortion, which shows a lack of consensus between the states as the laws are not consistent throughout America. There has been widespread protests to bring back the right to an abortion to women. Additionally, in some countries women have fewer rights due the ideology of men as being superior. The exclusion to rights means women cannot work or get an education predominantly in the Middle East and Africa, whereas the West aim for equal opportunities, showing how politics between countries are not in agreement as to what is a human right.
Therefore, when looking at these events, there is a lack of social cohesion and safety between countries, and even within the same country there is little agreement, this results in a bad society.
A final salute to our graduating Criminology students!!

Source: Image by Paul Michael Hughes
As we gather in anticipation, amidst the last-minute preparations, our Criminology Class of 2024 will soon walk across the stage this evening to receive their degrees – and I’d like to use this medium to extend a heartfelt congratulations to each and every one of them.
To our Class of 2024, completing a degree in Criminology is no small feat – the discipline itself confronts society’s most difficult, complex, and sensitive matters. Remember when you first encountered Lombroso’s atavistic principles? Take that critical lens with you as you challenge such outdated thinking in your future careers. Think back to how you deconstructed the social construction of crime in Crime and Society – these analytical skills will serve you well. Recall the rigour of doing Research, where you learned that truth must always be backed by evidence. Remember your engagement with the institutions of the Criminal Justice System, where you examined every aspect from courts to prisons and your examination of contemporary policing challenges. Your studies in Race and Gender, I hope, opened your eyes to the complexities of intersectionality and how different forms of inequality and discrimination intersect. You’ve questioned the purpose of prisons, critiqued ‘criminalistics’, and examined institutional violence with keen insight – all of which culminated in your dissertation work. So you see, each step of this journey has shaped you into the thoughtful criminologists you are today.
To our Black and Ethnic Minority graduates, you have defied statistics and overcome additional challenges with grace and resilience. Your achievement today is particularly meaningful, not just for yourselves but for future generations who will see in you what is possible. You’ve proven that determination and talent know no boundaries.
As you all step into the world beyond our campus, you carry with you not just a degree, but the power to effect real change. Whether you pursue careers in the criminal justice institutions, research, policy-making, private institutions, or social services, remember to take your compassion, intelligence, and integrity to your chosen path.
Though our formal educational journey together ends here, I hope our paths will cross again, and I look forward to hearing about your future successes and contributions to the field.
Once again, congratulations on this magnificent achievement. You have done yourselves proud.
Grab yourselves a glass of whiskey, champagne or a pint (in moderation obviously) in celebration today, and wishing you all the very best for your future endeavours,
Paul F!




